constitution of japan のバックアップ(No.3)
ationality. required to answer interpellations.&br;&br;article lvii.&br;withing ten days after the passage of a resolution of non-confidence or the failure to pass a resolution of confidence by a majority of the total membership of the diet, the cabinet shall resign or order the diet to dissolve. when the diet has been ordered dissolved a special election of a new diet shall be held not less than thirty days nor more than forty days after the date of dissolution. the newly elected diet shall be convoked within thirty days after the date of election.&br;&br;article lviii.&br;the diet shall constitute from among its members a court of impeachment to try members of the judiciary against whom removal proceedings have been instituted.&br;&br;article lix.&br;the diet shall enact all laws necessary and proper to carry into execution the provisions of this constitution.&br;&br;chapter v the cabinet&br;&br;article lx.&br;the executive power is vested in a cabinet.&br;&br;article lxi.&br;the cabinet consists of a prime minister, who is its head, and such other ministers of state as may be outhorized by the diet.&br;in the exercise of the executive power, the cabinet is collectively responsible to the diet.&br;&br;article lxii.&br;the prime minister shall with the advice and consent of the diet appoint ministers of state.&br;the prime minister may remove individual ministers at will.&br;&br;article lxiii.&br;whenever a vacancy occurs in the office of prime minister or upon the convening of a new diet, the cabinet shall collectively resign and a new prime minister shall be designated.&br;pending such designation, the cabinet shall continue to perform its duties.&br;&br;article lxiv.&br;the prime minister introduces bills on behalf of the cabinet, reports to the diet on general affairs of state and the status of foreign relations, and exercises control and supervision over the several executive departments and agencies.&br;&br;article lxv.&br;in addition to other executive responsibilities, the cabinet shall:&br;faithfully execute the laws and administer the affairs of slate;&br;conduct foreign relations;&br;conclude such treaties, international conventions and agreements with the consent of the diet by prior authorization or subsequent ratification as it deems in the public interest;&br;administer the civil service according to standards established by the diet;&br;prepare and submit to the diet an annual budget;&br;issue orders and regulations to carry out the provisions of this constitution and the law, but no such order or regulation shall contain a penal provisions;and&br;grant amnesty, pardon, commutation of punishment, reprieve and rehabilitation.&br;&br;article lxvi.&br;the competent minister of state shall sign and the prime minister shall countersign all acts of the diet and executive orders.&br;&br;article lxvii.&br;cabinet ministers shall not be subject to judicial process during their tenure of office without the consent of the prime minister, but no right of action shall be impaired by reason hereof.&br;&br;chapter vi judiciary&br;&br;article lxviii.&br;a strong and independent judiciary being the bulwark of the people's rights, the whole judicial power is vested in a supreme court and in such inferior courts as the diet shall from time to time establish.&br;no extraordinary tribunal shall be established, nor shall any organ or agency of the executive be given final judicial power.&br;all judges shall be independent in the exercise of their conscience and shall be bound only by this constitution and the laws enacted pursuant thereto.&br;&br;article lxix.&br;the supreme court is vested with the rule-making power under which it determines the rules of practice and of procedure, the admission of attorneys, the internal discipline of the courts, the administration of judicial affairs, and such other matters as may properly affect the free exercise of the judicial power.&br;public procurators shall be officers of the court and subject to its rule-making power.&br;the supreme court may delegate the power to make rules for inferior courts to such courts.&br;&br;article lxx.&br;removals of judges shall be accomplished by public impeachment only and no disciplinary action shall be administered them by any executive organ or agency.&br;&br;article lxxi.&br;the supreme court shall consist of a chief justice and such number of associate justices as may be determined by the diet. all such justices shall be appointed by the cabinet and shall hold office during good behavior but not after the attainment of the age of 70 years, provided however that all such appointments shall be reviewed at the first general election held following the appointment and thereafter at every general election held immediately following the expiration of ten calendar years from the next prior confirmation. upon a majority vote of the electorate not to retain the incumbent the office shall become vacant.&br;all such justices shall receive, at regular, stated intervals, adequate compensation which shall not be decreased during their terms of office.&br;&br;article lxxii.&br;the judges of the inferior courts shall be appointed by the cabinet from a list which for each vacancy shall contain the names of at least two persons nominated by the supreme court. all such justices shall hold office for a term of ten years with privilege of reappointment and shall receive, at regular, stated intervals, adequate compensation which shall not be decreased during their terms of office. no judge shall hold office after attaining the age of 70 years.&br;&br;article lxxiii.&br;the supreme court is the court of last resort. where the determination of the constitutionality of any law, order, regulation or official act is in question, the judgment of the supreme court in all cases arising under or involving chapter iii of this constitution is final; in all other cases where determination of the constitutionality of any law, ordinance, regulation or official act is in question, the judgment of the court is subject to review by the diet.&br;a judgment of the supreme court which is subject to review may be set aside only by the concurring vote of two-thirds of the whole number of representatives of the diet. the diet shall establish rules of procedure for reviewing decisions of the supreme court.&br;&br;article lxxiv.&br;in all cases affecting ambassadors, ministers and consuls of foreign states, the supreme court has exclusive original jurisdiction.&br;&br;article lxxv.&br;trials shall be conducted and judgment declared publicly. where, however, a court unanimously determines publicity to be dangerous to public order or morals, a trial may be conducted privately, but trials of political offenses, offenses of the press, and cases wherein the rights of citizens as reserved in chapter iii of this constitution are in question, shall be conducted publicly without exception.&br;&br;chapter vii finance&br;&br;article lxxvi.&br;the power to levy taxes, borrow money, appropriate funds, issue and regulate the value of coins and currency shall be exercised through the diet.&br;&br;article lxxvii.&br;no new taxes shall be imposed or existing ones modified except by action of the diet or under such conditions as the diet may prescribe.&br;all taxes in effect at the time this constitution is promulgated shall continue to be collected under existing regulations until changed or modified by the diet.&br;&br;article lxxviii.&br;no contract shall be entered into in the absence of an appropriation therefor, nor shall the credit of the state be pledged except as authorized by the diet.&br;&br;article lxxix.&br;the cabinet shall prepare and submit to the diet an annual budget setting forth the complete government fiscal program for the next ensuing fiscal year, including all proposed expenditures, anticipated revenues and borrowings.&br;&br;article lxxx.&br;the diet may disapprove, reduce, increase or reject any item in the budget or add new items.&br;the diet shall appropriate no money for any fiscal year in excess of the anticipated income for that period, including the proceeds of any borrowings.&br;&br;article lxxx i. |